1. Descriptive Text
Pengertian Teks Deskripsi
Secara umum, teks deskripsi adalah teks yang menggambarkan seseorang atau sesuatu secara detail. Dalam Bahasa Indonesia, teks deskripsi merujuk pada jenis teks yang berisi penjabaran atau gambaran tentang suatu objek secara mendalam, baik itu mengenai fisik maupun nonfisik objek tersebut. Objek yang dapat digambarkan bisa berupa orang, hewan, benda, atau tempat. 😊
Tujuan Teks Deskripsi
Menurut buku College Academic Writing: A Genre-Based Perspective karya Dr. I Wy. Dirgeyasa, M.Hum., tujuan utama teks deskripsi adalah untuk menggambarkan seseorang, tempat, atau benda dengan cara yang membuat pembaca bisa membayangkan gambaran tersebut dalam pikirannya. Jadi, tujuan dari teks deskripsi adalah untuk memberikan penjelasan yang jelas dan rinci, sehingga pembaca dapat membayangkan objek yang dibahas dengan sangat baik. Kamu bisa menggambarkan objek berdasarkan pengamatan, sifat, rasa, bau, atau coraknya. 😄
Struktur Teks Deskripsi
Teks deskripsi memiliki struktur tertentu. Nah, apa saja ya struktur tersebut?

Identification (Identifikasi)
Pada bagian ini, kamu memperkenalkan objek yang akan dideskripsikan. Misalnya, menyebutkan nama objek tersebut, asal-usul objek, atau siapa pemilik objek itu. Contoh:My father just bought a new car for me. That car has been long on my wishlist.
Di sini, objek yang dideskripsikan adalah mobil, yang baru dibeli oleh ayah penulis dan sudah lama menjadi keinginan penulis.Description (Deskripsi)
Pada bagian ini, kamu akan menjelaskan objek tersebut lebih detail. Penjelasan bisa berupa sifat-sifat atau ciri-ciri fisik dan nonfisik objek tersebut. Contoh:My new car is one of the latest sport cars from Italy. The car is a two-passenger-seat model or sedan car, the one seat is for the driver and the other is for a single passenger.
Di bagian ini, penulis menjelaskan lebih rinci tentang mobil tersebut, mulai dari jenis mobil (sport car), asal-usul mobil (dari Italia), hingga jumlah tempat duduk (dua kursi). 🚗
Features Language
Saat menulis teks deskripsi, ada fitur bahasa tertentu yang harus diikuti, seperti kata sifat, present tense sederhana, dan kata keterangan frekuensi. Mari kita bahas lebih lanjut masing-masing fitur ini:
Kata Sifat (Adjectives)
Teks deskripsi seringkali mengandalkan kata sifat untuk memberikan gambaran yang lebih detail. Kata-kata seperti besar, kecil, tinggi, pendek, pintar, ramah, dan sebagainya, membantu membentuk gambaran jelas tentang objek yang dideskripsikan. Contohnya:Hanni is so pretty. She has an oval face, rounded eyes, a pointed nose, and long hair. She is smart and friendly.
Dalam contoh ini, kata sifat yang digunakan adalah pretty (cantik), oval (oval), rounded (bulat), pointed (runcing), long (panjang), smart (pintar), dan friendly (ramah).
Present Tense Sederhana (Simple Present Tense)
Present tense sederhana sering digunakan dalam teks deskripsi untuk menjelaskan fakta umum atau kebenaran, serta tindakan yang biasa dilakukan. Karena teks deskripsi menyajikan fakta tentang suatu objek, maka tense ini sangat cocok digunakan dalam deskripsi tersebut. Contoh kalimat dalam present tense sederhana:
She always wakes up early every morning.Kata Keterangan Frekuensi (Adverbs of Frequency)
Kata keterangan frekuensi digunakan untuk menggambarkan seberapa sering suatu tindakan terjadi. Dalam teks deskripsi, kata keterangan ini dapat digunakan untuk menjelaskan kebiasaan atau rutinitas objek yang sedang dideskripsikan. Misalnya:
He often visits the library to study.Dalam kalimat ini, often (sering) menjelaskan frekuensi dari tindakan yang dilakukan oleh objek yang dideskripsikan. 📝
Examples of Descriptive Text
1. Contoh Descriptive Text tentang Cat (Kucing)
Identification:
My mother bought me a present I’ve wanted for years. It’s a cat. A kitten to be exact. I called her Bebe.
Description:
Bebe is a small kitten. Her size is as big as the palm of my hand. So cute! She has white and grey color, and lovely yellow eyes. She is very soft and furry. Bebe is so fragile. Sometimes, I’m afraid I will hurt her if I want to take her up.
Mom said, she found Bebe near our house, crying looking for her mom. But mom can’t see her, so mom decides to bring Bebe home and give her some comfort.
Bebe is a good eater. She always finished everything we gave to her. But, she likes snacks and wet food the most. Now, it’s been a year since Bebe came to our family. Her small body has grown up into the size of a football ball. Bebe is a good cat, and we love her so much.
2. Contoh Descriptive Text tentang Place (Tempat)
Identification:
I have my own bedroom. My bedroom is not very big, but very clean and comfortable for me. My bedroom is my favorite place in my house.
Description:
My bedroom is on the second floor, next to my big brother’s room. My bedroom is painted soft pink, white, and flower wallpaper. There is a big bed where I sleep every day. Beside my bed, there is my study desk. I put some pictures on my desk. There are my family picture, my picture with my friends, and my picture with my pet, Luna, a persian cat. I also have drawers where I put all my clothes inside.
I really like my bedroom. I spend a lot of time in my bedroom from studying, playing games, to resting.
3. Contoh Descriptive Text tentang Object (Benda)
Identification:
My favorite thing is my handphone. It was actually my Dad’s handphone. After he bought a new one, he gave it to me.
Description:
The brand is Samsung Galaxy A51. The display size is 6.5 inches. The color of my handphone is black. I use it for connecting with my friends, listening to music, and also learning new languages. I have installed some language learning applications in my handphone. I also love taking pictures with it. The result is very sharp and bright. This thing is very useful for me.
Latihan Mengidentifikasi Struktur Teks Deskripsi
Di bawah ini ada tiga teks deskripsi tentang person (orang), place (tempat), dan thing (benda). Cobalah untuk mengidentifikasi struktur teks pada setiap teks, yaitu Identification dan Description. 🌟
1. Person: Deskripsi tentang Teman Saya
My best friend, Rina, is someone who has been my companion since childhood. She is 17 years old and lives in a quiet town by the beach. She is known for her kindness and positive attitude, always ready to lend a hand whenever someone needs help. Despite her busy schedule, Rina makes time to enjoy simple pleasures, like walking along the beach or reading her favorite books.
Rina has short, shiny black hair that frames her round face. Her eyes are bright brown and sparkly, making her look friendly and approachable. She is tall and slender, with a gentle and graceful demeanor. People often describe her as a calm and understanding person who listens carefully and gives great advice. She is also a talented badminton player and enjoys practicing with her friends in the park after school.
2. Place: Deskripsi tentang Gunung
Mount Merapi has a towering, jagged peak that reaches into the sky, often hidden by mist and clouds. The surrounding area is lush with dense tropical forests and numerous rivers that flow from the mountain. The mountain’s slopes are dotted with small villages where people live, despite the risk of eruptions. Hiking to the top offers a stunning view of the surrounding area, and on clear days, you can see Yogyakarta and the peaceful countryside below. The mountain is active, with occasional eruptions, but it remains a symbol of both beauty and danger.
Mount Merapi, located in the central part of Java, Indonesia, is one of the most famous and active volcanoes in the world. It stands tall and proud in the middle of a rich and beautiful natural landscape. The mountain is known for its regular eruptions, which have shaped the surrounding environment over many years. It’s a place of both awe and respect, attracting many tourists and scientists alike who wish to observe its activity and beauty.
3. Thing: Deskripsi tentang Buku
This book has a captivating cover, with bright colors and an image of a magical castle, setting the tone for the story inside. The pages are thick and smooth, with neatly printed text that is easy to follow. The plot revolves around Harry, a young boy who discovers his magical abilities on his 11th birthday. He embarks on an exciting journey filled with spells, magical creatures, and a school that teaches him how to become a wizard. The book is filled with thrilling moments and heartwarming friendships, making it a favorite among both children and adults.
The book I am currently reading is called Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, written by J.K. Rowling. It is the first book in the famous Harry Potter series, which has captivated readers of all ages worldwide. This book introduces readers to the magical world of wizards and witches, and the protagonist, Harry Potter, who learns that he is destined for greatness. It has been translated into numerous languages and is known for its imaginative storytelling and relatable characters.
